Perbedaan
antara Analytical dan Hortatory Exposition
Exposition adalah text yang bersifat factual yang
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pendapat yang bersifatpro atau kontra,
dimana text tersebut memberikan argument-argument yang kuat yang bertujuan untuk
mempengaruhi pembacanya.
Hal ini tercermin pada Social
Function dari text Exposition itu sendiri, yaitu:
To
persuade the reader or listener.
As we know, seperti yang kita ketahui, bahwa arti kata persuade itu
sendiri adalah mengajak. So, ketika kita akan mengajak
seseorang untuk mengikuti pendapat kita, we need the strong argument,
don’t we?
Sementara itu apa sih yang
dimaksud pro atau kontra itu? Apa pro dan kontra itu
ada pada satu text?
Of course not, tentu saja tidak, dalam satu badan atau isi text
Exposition hanya terdapat satu pendapat yang pro saja beserta alasan
apa yang membuat penulis pro dengan pendapat tersebut, atau dalam satu text
berisi tentang kontra, dan alasan kenapa penulis kontra dengan issue tersebut.
And then, apa perbedaan dan persamaan dari Analytical dan Hortatory
Exposition itu? Check this out!
Perhatikan Schematic Structure dari
kedua Exposition dibawah ini:
ANALYTICAL
EXPOSITION
|
HORTATORY
EXPOSITION
|
· Thesis
· Argument
· Reiteration
|
· Thesis
· Argument
· Recommendation
|
Analytical dengan Reiteration. Reiteration sendiri berarti
kesimpulan dari thesis dan argument yang sudah disajikan diatas. Jadi
kata-kata yang bisa kita gunakan untuk mengawali Reiteration part pada text
tersebut can be:
·
From the
argument above we can conclude that….. ;
atau
·
Based on
the argument above…..;
atau
·
The
conclusion of the argument above is……
·
Etc.
Hortatory dengan Recommendation. You might
know what the meaning of Recommendation itself, don’t you?
Recommendation lebih mengacu pada saran yang direkomendasikan dari
si penulis Exposition tersebut.
And then, how you usually recommend
something to others? Biasanya kita akan menggunakan
kata-kata di bawah ini untuk memberikan saran ke orang lain, they can
be:
·
You
should…., we must……, you should be….., and
etc. apabila kita merekomendasikan sesuatu yang diperbolehkan; dan
·
You
shouldn’t……, you mustn’t……, we ought not to…., etc. apabila kita merekomendasikan yang tidak
diperbolehkan atau tidak disarankan.
Perbedaan Analytical and Hortatory Exposition
ANALYTICAL
EXPOSITION
ü Social function: To persuade the readers
or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain.
ü Generic Structure:
1. Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces
topics and indicates the writer’s position.)
2. Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The
number of points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and
evidence).
3. Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the
light of the arguments presented).
Jenis teks ini di awali dengan
· THESIS, yaitu pendapat kalian tentang
suatu masalah. Biasanya di awali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion,
I believe, etc. Setelah kalian menuliskan thesis atau pendapat,
· kalian harus menuliskan ARGUMENTS,
yaitu argumen-argumen atau alasan-alasan yang disertai dengan fakta dan
bukti-bukti yang relevan sehingga pendengar atau pembaca terpengaruh dengan
argumen yang kalian kemukakan. Biasanya dimulai dengan Firstly, Nest, Third, The last,
etc.
· Untuk mengakhiri teks, kalian harus
menuliskan REITERATION, yaitu simpulan dari thesis dan arguments yang telah
kalian bicarakan sebelumnya. Kalian bisa mengungkapkannya melalui kalimat In my conclusion, To conclude, From
the facts above, we can conclude that, etc.
ü Language features:
Emotive words such as : alarmed,ü worried.
Words that qualify statements such as: usualü probably
Words that link arguments such as: firstlüy, however,
on the other hand, therefore.
Usually present tenseü
Compound and complex sentencesü
ü Example
Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the
fact. About 50 thousands people die every year in Britain as direct result of
smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a quarter
of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.
Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If
we smoke five cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung
cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is
nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are
people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of
heart disease than non smokers.
Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to
develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker
breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen
cigarettes.
Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they
do make much money from smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every
body else.
Thesis: This
pre-conclusive paragraph states the writer’s point of view about the topic
discussed. Writer has show himself in clear position of the discussed topic.
Paragraph 1 is the thesis of this analytical exposition text. It states the
fact of the very fatal impact of the smoking habit. Clearly the writer wants to
say that smoking is not a good habit.
Arguments:
Presenting arguments in analytical exposition text is as important as giving
conflict plot in narrative text. The series of argument will strengthen the
thesis stated before. In this example of analytical exposition text, paragraph
2 and 3 are the detail arguments presented in a reporting fact to support that
smoking is not good even for smokers themselves. Furthermore, people who do not
smoke but they are in smoky area have the bad effect too from the smoking
habit.
Reiteration: This
end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something like conclusive
paragraph from the previous arguments. The last paragraph of this example of
analytical exposition points again that smoking is not good for smokers and
people around smokers. However smoking is very good for Cigarette Companies
Notes on the generic structure of this example of
analytical exposition
As we know that both analytical exposition and hortatory
exposition are classified as argumentative essay. Both present argument to
support the thesis state in the orientation. This thesis places the writer’s
position on the essay. From the generic structure, what make big different is
that analytical exposition ends with paragraph to strengthen the thesis while
hortatory makes a recommendation for readers.
Dalam
mengungkapkan pendapat, kalian pasti berusaha untuk meyakinkan lawan bicara
agar mau mengikuti apa yang kalian inginkan. Makanya kalian juga akan
memberikan argumen-argumen yang kuat untuk mendukung opini kalian sehingga
lawan bicara bisa terpengaruh dan mengiyakan pendapat kalian.
Jadi, untuk membedakan teks Analytical Exposition dengan teks
lainnya adalah di lihat dari isi dan tujuannya. The social function is to
persuade by presenting arguments. Tujuannya adalah untuk membujuk pendengar
atau pembaca sehingga mereka mau mengikuti keinginan kalian. Teks ini berisi
tentang argumen atau alasan.
Contoh:
I personally think learning English through music and
songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen
to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some
underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language
learning.
Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the
echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant,
shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This
phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our
short-and-long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational
language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for
sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more
motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite
complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the
same way as any other literary sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for
their own purpose. Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have
precise people, place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and
fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder
they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas,
even revolution.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we
can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening
comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that
learning through music and songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.
Coba perhatikan teks di atas. Kalian pasti sudah tau kan
yang mana thesis, argument dan reiteration.
I personally think (thesis)
Firstly, Secondly, Furthermore, In addition, Last but not
least (arguments)
From the elaboration above (reiteration)
HORTATORY EXPOSITION
I. Teks ini hampir sama dengan Analytical Exposition, dapat ditemukan pada berbagai macam surat maupun artikel yang bersifat membujuk, mempengaruhi misalnya surat pembaca, promosi, surat terbuka dan lain-lain.
II. Struktur susunan teks
* Thesis *
Berisi issue atau topic permasalahan yang diangkat sebagai pokok persoalan, serta posisi penulis terhadap persoalan tersebut.
* Arguments *
Serangkaian alasan yang mendukung ide penulis.
* Recommendation *
Berisi anjuran, nasihat atau apa yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya dilakukan menanggapi persoalan yang diangkat.
I. Teks ini hampir sama dengan Analytical Exposition, dapat ditemukan pada berbagai macam surat maupun artikel yang bersifat membujuk, mempengaruhi misalnya surat pembaca, promosi, surat terbuka dan lain-lain.
II. Struktur susunan teks
* Thesis *
Berisi issue atau topic permasalahan yang diangkat sebagai pokok persoalan, serta posisi penulis terhadap persoalan tersebut.
* Arguments *
Serangkaian alasan yang mendukung ide penulis.
* Recommendation *
Berisi anjuran, nasihat atau apa yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya dilakukan menanggapi persoalan yang diangkat.
The generic structure is as follow:
Thesis;
thesis is similar to tentative conclusion which needs to be proven by certain
fact and argument. In the end, it can be true or false
Arguments;
this is the phase which try to examine and support that the thesis stated above
is true.
Recommendation; this is what should or should not be done in the hortatory text.
This recommendation is differentiating from analytical exposition.
III. Language features / ciri-ciri kebahasaan
* Generic participant. Obyek, pokok persoalan bersifat umum.
* Terdapat action verb, kata kerja tindakan
* Menggunakan mental process, missal : think, feel, understand dsb.
* Simple present tense
IV.Tujuan Komunikatif
Membujuk, mempengaruhi dan menganjurkan kepada pembaca, pendengar bahwa sesuatu seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya menjadi permasalahan.
III. Language features / ciri-ciri kebahasaan
* Generic participant. Obyek, pokok persoalan bersifat umum.
* Terdapat action verb, kata kerja tindakan
* Menggunakan mental process, missal : think, feel, understand dsb.
* Simple present tense
IV.Tujuan Komunikatif
Membujuk, mempengaruhi dan menganjurkan kepada pembaca, pendengar bahwa sesuatu seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya menjadi permasalahan.
V. CONTOH TEKS.
Higher Education for Woman
In this modern era, there are still some
parents who are reluctant about sending their daughter to college. Such narrow
attitude shown to woman higher education is largely due to the traditional role
of woman in society. A woman is expected just to be a wife and a mother most
parents believe that if their daughter gets married and chooses to be a
housewife, then the higher education will be a waste. However an educated woman
does not only make a better wife abut also contributer better thing to the large
society.
Nowadays more women are successfully
combining their career and marriage. Educated women are richer both emotionally
and financially. They are able to find an outlet for monotonous drudgery of
their housekeeping. They bring more satisfaction and contentment to their
lives.
Depriving girl of higher education is
crash discrimination. Time has changed. Modern society need the talents of its
people regardless of gender. Today women work alongside men. In fact, in the
last few decades women have made outstanding contributions to society.
Woman should be given the freedom to be
educated whether they get married or go to work after finishing their education
because it is only through education that a woman will find herself useful and
discover what she wants in life. A woman who work is not an insult to her
husband. Conversely, her husband should feel proud of her achievement since
marriage is actually an equal partnership. Therefore, parents should not think
that girls should receive less education just because they will get marriage
one day.
ü How can we see the generic structure of
the hortatory example above?
Thesis: the importance of wearing helmet which is stated in the
first paragraph
Argumentative: Wearing helmet gives a total
protection and giving a chance in imaging self which presented in the second
paragraph.
Recommendation: Bikers should wear helmet properly to
get the benefits.
Teks hortatory exposition berisi tentang
teks yang mengemukakan alasan-alasan dengan tujuan untuk membujuk pendengar
atau pembaca agar mau mengikuti apa yang dikemukakan penulis. Dalam pelajaran
bahasa Indonesia kita tentu sudah mengenal teks persuasi, yang sama isinya
dengan teks hortatory.
Teks hortatory di awali dengan Thesis,
yaitu menuliskan opini penulis tentang suatu masalah. Kemudian dilanjutkan
dengan argumen, yaitu alasan-alasan yang mendukung pendapat penulis. Terakhir,
menuliskan saran atau nasihat. Isi dari paragraf terakhir inilah yang membedakan teks
horatatory dan analytical.
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